Lettering1

Illuminated Objects

Words of the Week, week 1

Artifacts- Artifacts hold extreme importance to everyday life. They can be anything. All it takes for an item to be an artifact is to evoke memories, enlightenment, curiosity, etc. According to Roth, author of Understanding Architecture, "Architecture is understood to be the whole of the human-built environment, including buildings, urban spaces, and landscapes."

Cycle- Society, as does history, repeats itself. While wars and truces regenerate themselves, clothing styles, hair-dos, and building styles make their comebacks.

Translation- This word puts in my mind the image of my fourth grade math teacher performing a dance in which she slides, or translates, across the classroom. Translating an object can mean simply moving it to a new location, but it can also mean interpreting its meaning. In Suzanne's drawing class, we drew items important to us and then discussed as a class the symbolism behind them. A big part of our history class is devoted to interpreting the hidden messages of architecture. Buildings often display current social conventions of taste, and especially those of past stylistic periods. Oftentimes, the function of a building influences the aesthetic basis for the construction- churches reach for the sky, banks look strong and confident and safe, schools are generic and unoffensive...

Stories- Storytelling is a great way to express an idea, whether fictional or factual. Stories can be told in a plethora of media, such as literature, illustration, sound, color, design, etc.



Multiview- The most obvious application of the term multiview for me refers to drafting. When designing, observing and/or drawing an object, you must consider the structural and aesthetic values of every side of the object. With the project we have of designing furniture for "Pat", every view is supposed to be different, which makes thing more interesting...and more difficult to draw. Another instance of multiviews is from the movie we watched, A Midsummer Night's Dream. In the plot, there were people who were looking at the same problems, whether love or theatre, and we were shown the different opinions and insights of the characters.
There are different ways to look at a structure. There are buildings and there is architecture according to Nicholas Pevsner, such as "a bike shed is a building, Lincoln Cathedral is a piece of architecture."

Years 625 BC and 625 AD

625 BC

Technology

First cosmetic surgery, in India
Cloaca Maxima (main sewer) is built in Rome
Processional Way constructed in Babylon connecting the city’s temples with its royal palaces, inlaid with burned bricks and stone in bituminous mortar
Work begins on canal to connect Nile with Red Sea, but is not completed

Institutions

First Curia (senate-house) built in Rome
Teachings of Zarathustra dominate Persian religious though.
Babylonian buildings are faced with blue, yellow and white enameled tiles
The Book of Deuteronomy is compiled as one of the five books of Moses

Governance

Assyrian expansion into the region of Palestine (about 855-625 B.C.)
Early and middle orientalizing phase: proto-urban
Babylonians reassert control over Mesopotamia
Urbanization and development of social structure of rome
Naples is founded in Greek settlement of Neopolis
Draconian laws are established
Chief archon of Salamis frees people enslaved due to debts, repeals Draconian laws and removes death penalty except for homicide cases.

Commerce

Houses made of stone with tile roofs built in Rome
Paving of the forum
Goods are brought into Babylon by means of camels, riverboats and carts drawn by donkeys.
Corinthian tyrant Periander strips female nobility of gold jewelry and embroidery to finance government for decades
Demotic and cursive hieratic script replace hieratic writing in Egypt…used universally for business and literary purposes



625 AD

Technology

Slavs invent new plowing equipment that increases food production in northern and western Europe.
Chinese establish an imperial bureau for the manufacture of porcelain
Chinese Zhaozhou Bridge is the first open-spandrel stone segmental arch bridge
Vertical axis windmills
“The Opening of the Universe” written by Indian mathematician/astronomer Brahmagupta

Institutes

British conversion to Roman Catholicism by Pope Gregory I
Seven Deadly sins established: pride, envy, sloth, wrath, gluttony, lust and avarice
Shotoku Taishi code of Japan demands veneration of Buddha, Buddhist priests and Buddhist laws
Pantheon at Rome is consecrated as the Church of Santa Maria Rotunda
The prophet Mohammed begins to preach the new religion of Islam
Irish missionary Columban founded monastery in Italy
Pope Boniface V spreads Christianity through parts of England via missionaries
Islamic Sharia encourages men and women to obtain secular and religious educations
First English school is founded at Canterbury

Governance

Byzantine emperor Maurice and his five sons are executed…Maurice turned the failing Roman empire into the well-organized Byzantine Empire
China’s Sui emperor, Wendi, is killed by his son after a 23-year reign…he attacked hereditary privileges, reduced power of the military aristocracy and established civil service examinations
Persia resumes war with Byzantine and soon controls Armenia and Syria
Sinoization of Japan
Persia overpower Egypt
Mohammed’s forces take Mecca with troops that include women
Beginnings of Norway by Olaf Tratelia

Commerce

China’s Sui dynasty constructs a canal that links existing waterways to the new Chinese capital
Basra port is founded at head of the Persian Gulf
Sugar and manufacture of sugar begins in China
Japan enters terrible famine



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